Intelligence+Testing+Contributions

Alfred Binet became known as the first person to create the very first intelligence test along with the help of Simon Theodore (Cherry, 2013). Binet was approached by the French government, in which they asked for his assistance in determining which students would have difficulty in school (Cherry, 2013). Binet and Theodore created a number of questions that focused on material beyond what was being taught in school, this became known as the Binet-Simon Scale (Cherry, 2013). Binet noticed that some, but not all of the children were able to answer higher level questions that children older than them would know, however other children were only able to answer questions that younger children could answer in which this led Binet to the idea of //mental age// (Cherry, 2013). Even though Binet had developed the first intelligence test, he still thought that this test was very limiting in its ability to measure intelligence (Cherry, 2013).

The focus of the Binet-Simon Scale:
 * Attention
 * Memory
 * Problem solving skills (Cherry, 2013)

Later Binet's test was revised in the United States at Stanford University by Lewis Terman. Terman used Binet's original test, while standardizing it making it the United States' first standardized intelligence test (Cherry, 2013).

The focus of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale:
 * Verbal reasoning
 * Abstract/Visual reasoning
 * Quantitative Reasoning
 * Short-term memory (Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders, 2013)

David Wechsler created three different intelligence scales because he thought that the Stanford-Binet test still consisted of many limitations (Cherry, 2013).
 * Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (revised WAIS-IV)
 * Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
 * Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence

The focus of the WAIS-IV:
 * Verbal Comprehension Index
 * Perceptual Reasoning Index
 * Working Memory Index
 * Processing Speed Index ( Cherry, 2013).